Indian Termite (Insecta: Isoptera) Fauna
Species of termites in India is updated to 261. The greatest contribution on Indian region termites was made by Roonwal and Chhotani (1989) and Chhotani (1997) in “Fauna of India and Adjacent Countries Isoptera (Termites)”.They recorded 337 species of termites belonging to seven families and 59 genera from the Indian subcontinent (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka). However, no comprehensive list exists for India till-date. Thus, an updated list is prepared that serve the most up-to-date taxonomic treatment of order Isoptera; along with molecular characterization of few termite species as available on date in Indian context. The updated list covers 7 families, one genera each under families Termopsidae, Hodotermitidae, Stylotermitidae, Indotermitidae; and 7 genera in Rhinotermitidae; 8 genera in Kalotermitidae. The largest family is Termitidae comprising 32 genera and 188 species. Only 14 termite species were characterised in molecular way, and hope, in future more number of termites will be added. Fortunately, no termite species from this list is neither under Threatened Species nor the Critically Endangered Species as per IUCN’s Red Data Book.
Introduction
Insects are the most diverse of all animal groups, and the taxon insecta comprises of 30 orders, Isoptera being one that deals with termites. Scientist estimate 10% of the animal biomass of the world is termites (http://www.centralexterminatingco.com/id76.html).
And over 3106 (living and fossil) species now documented in the Treaties on the Isoptera of the World(Krishna et al. 2013). In Indian subcontinent, it is expected that final number exceeds 350 species. However, for Indian sovereign no such checklist is cited anywhere by anyone. The purpose of this termite updated list is to assist the terminologists/entomologists in preparing accounts for groups for which they are experts. Hope this serves as a valuable/useful tool to consolidated Indian knowledge level, and at the same time reveals taxonomic areas needing further investigation. The exhaustive list enlists 261 termite species in total (Table 1). The list is appended with a short account on the genes sequenced for molecular characterization and identification in the Indian context. In essence, we assume molecular identification will supplement the morpho-taxonomy, even if not substituting the role of traditional termite taxonomy.
In recent years science has witnessed an inevitable evolution from print to electronic media in the production of taxonomic resources. This is fostered by a large number of initiatives like the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, http://www.gbif.org/), the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS, http://www.itis.usda.gov/), Species2000 (http://www.sp2000.org), and Universal Biological Indexer and Organizer (uBIO: http://www.ubio.org), to name a few. Even long-established resources like the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999; http://www.iczn.org/) are turning towards the World Wide Web, (e.g., with the Zoo Bank initiative: http://www.zoobank.org) notwithstanding.
Materials and Methods
We carefully output information directly from the two volumes of “Fauna of India and Adjacent Countries Isoptera (Termites)”, and also based on our cumulative knowledge. Few termite species were collected under the National Fellow ICAR project (2011-2016), and inventory is prepared at Division of Entomology, IARI. Termite samples were preserved in 80% ethyl-alcohol and studied under stereoscopic binocular microscope. Termites were identified using external morphology of the soldier caste (Roonwal 1970a).The important characteristics used for identification were - shape and size of the head, labrum, mandibles, pronotum, postmentum and position of the tooth and antennal segments etc. Determination of species was based on the keys (Roonwal and Chhotani 1989, Chhotani 1997 and Thakur 1981).
Taxonomic Research in India
M L Roonwal (1908-1990) started the work on Indian termites in a systematic and detailed manner in 1950-1951 at Forest Entomology Branch, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun. During 1951-80, termite research in India was at its peak at FRI, Dehradun, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata and Zoological Survey of India, Jodhpur. A large number of research papers and monographs were published describing the termite fauna at the regional level. Significant contributions were made by Ahmad (1958 & a), Bose (1975, 1980, 1984, 1992, 1999), Chhotani (1971, 1975, 1976, 1977& a, 1987, 1992), Chatterjee & Thakur (1963, 1964, a & b, 1965, 1966, a &b, 1967, 1968, 1969), Krishna (1965), Kumar (2010 & a, 2011), Kumar & Thakur (2010, a, 2011, a, 2012, 2013), Lahiri & Ghosh (1980), Lahiri et al. (1977), Mahapatro & Kumar (2013), Maiti (1977, 1979, 1983), Mathur & Sen-Sarma (1959, 1961), Mathur & Thapa (1962 & a), Parihar (1977), Prasad & Sen-Sarma(1959, 1960, 1966 &a ), Prasad et al. (1967, 1970),Rathore (1986, 1987 & a , 1989, 1994&a, 1995, 1996, 1998 &a, 1999, 2005), Rathore & Bhattacharya (2004 &a), Rathore & Mandal (2005, 2006), Roonwal (1962 &a, 1964, 1970, a &b, 1972, a&b,1974, 1975, a, b, c& d,1976, 1977, a &b, 1978, a &b, 1979& a,1982 &a), Roonwal & Bose (1960, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1969, 1970, 1978, 1988), Roonwal & Chhotani (1960 &a , 1962, 1965, 1966, 1971,1977, 1986, 1989), Roonwal & Sen-Sarma (1960, 1973), Roonwal & Verma (1976 & a, 1973, 1976, 1977& a,1991), Sen-Sarma (1965, 1966), Sen-Sarma& Thakur (1979, 1980), Sen-Sarma & Verma (1983), Thakur (1975, 1976, a, b & c, 1978 &a,1981 &a), Thakur and Chatterjee (1969, 1970, 1971, 1974), Thakur & Sen-Sarma (1973, 1979), Thakur (1984, 1987,1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 2007 & a, 2008, 2009 & a), Thakur & Rathore (1986), Thakur & Kumar (2012), Thakur, et al. (2009, 2010, a, 2011), Verma (1969, 1980, 1983, 1984,a &b, 1985&a, 1989), Verma &Purohit (1996), Verma & Rathore (1995), Verma & Thakur (1976, 1978, 1979), etc. contributed to the termites research in India. The greatest contribution on Indian region termites was made by Roonwal and Chhotani(1989) (Vol-I) and Chhotani(1997) (Vol-II) in the form of two volumes on “Fauna of India and Adjacent Countries Isoptera (Termites)”reported 337 species of termites belonging to seven families and 59 genera from the Indian region (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka).
A monumental work (included the new taxa described till 2010 first half) on world termite fauna recently published by Krishna et al. (2013).But we are trying to provide the latest information on new and already described species only from India till March, 2014.
Termites from India were reported first time by Linnaeus (1758) himself in his Systema Naturae (10th ed.), then onwards many termites were added to the list from Indian region, swelled to 1773 species (by Snyder, 1949). Work on termites initiated systematically in FRI since 1950-51, many Indian stalwarts contributed significantly to termite taxonomy earning worldwide recognitions like Roonwal, Chottani, Bose, Maiti, Verma, Thakur etc. Notably now, Krishna Kumar’s encyclopaedic knowledge makes him the world authority and dean of Isoptera research (principal author of the magnum opus, Treatise on the Isoptera of the World). Such classics of taxonomy in Indian context are worth citing, as well worth encouraging for termite taxonomists. Our list is a small contribution in this line. So as on today only Indian termite fauna comprises 261 species fall under seven families and 51 genera (Table 1).Fortunately, no termite species from this list is neither under Threatened Species nor the Critically Endangered Species as per IUCN’s Red Data Book.
Supporting Literature
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Roonwal, M.L. & O.B. Chhotani (1960).The apical tibial spur formula in the termite genus Coptotermes. Journal of the zoological Society of India 11(2): 125-132.
Roonwal, M.L. & O.B. Chhotani (1960a). Soldier caste found in the termite genus Speculitermes. Science and Culture 26(3): 143-144.
Roonwal, M.L. & O.B. Chhotani (1962).Termite fauna of Assam, Eastern India. Proceeding of the Indian National Science Academy (B) 28(4): 281-406.
Roonwal, M.L. & O.B. Chhotani (1965). Two new species of Euhamitermes Holmgren (Insecta: Isoptera: Termitidae) from India. Proceeding zoological Society Calcutta 18(1): 11-19.
Roonwal, M.L. & O.B. Chhotani (1966). Revision of termite genus Eurytermes (Termitidae: Amitermitinae). Proceeding of the Indian National Science Academy (B) 31(3-4): 81-113.
Roonwal, M.L. & O.B. Chhotani (1971). Two new termites of genus Angultermes Sjostedt (Isoptera: Termitidae) from India, with a key to species of Indian Region. Records of the zoological Survey of India 63(1-4): 209-222.
Roonwal, M.L. & O.B. Chhotani (1977).Ergebnisse der Bhutan-Expedition 1972 des Naturhistorischen Museums Basel.Isoptera (termites). Entomologica Basiliensia 2: 39-84.
Roonwal, M.L. & O.B. Chhotani (1986).The identity of South Asian termites Indotermes rongrensis (R. and C.) (Synonyms Speculitermes Cyclops rongrensis and I. bangladeshiensis) (Isoptera, Indotermitidae). Records of the zoological Survey of India 83(3-4): 155-163.
Roonwal, M.L. & O.B. Chhotani (1989).The Fauna of India and the adjacent countries, Isoptera (Termites).Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, viii+672pp.
Roonwal, M.L. & P.K. Sen-Sarma (1960).Contribution to the systematic of Oriental termites.Indian Council of Agriculture Research, New Delhi, 407pp.
Roonwal, M.L. & P.K. Sen-Sarma (1973).First record of termite genus Incisitermes Krishna (Kalotermitidae) from Indian Region, with description of a new species from Rajasthan.Zoologischer Anzeiger 191(5-6): 390-397.
Roonwal, M.L. &S.C. Verma (1973).Broad-postmentum latigula –group species of termite genus Odontotermes (Termitidae), from the Orient with a new Indian species.Journal of Indian Academy of Wood Science 4(2): 88-91.
Roonwal, M.L. &S.C. Verma (1976). Resurvey of the termite fauna of Rajasthan, India, and its Zoogeography. Records zoological Survey of India 72: 425-480.
Roonwal, M.L. &S.C. Verma (1977).A new species of Angulitermes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Termitinae) from the Indian Desert, with some observations on its biology.Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 112: 5-12.
Roonwal, M.L. &S.C. Verma (1977a). Resurvey of the termite fauna of Rajasthan, India, and its Zoogeography. Records of the zoological Survey of India 72: 425-480.
Roonwal, M.L. & S.C. Verma (1991). The South Asian wood destroying termite, Odontotermes feae. Identity, biology and economic importance (Termitidae: Macrotermitinae). Occasional Paper Records of zoological Survey of India 129: 1-33.
Singla M., V.L. Sharma, R.C. Sobti, M. Sodhi& M. Kumari (2013). Genetic Relationship Among Indian Termites Based on DNA Sequence of Mitochondrial 12S Ribosomal RNA Gene. International Journal of Evolution 2(1):1-5.
Sobti R.C., M. Kumari, V.L. Sharma, M. Sodhi, M. Mukesh& Y. Shouche (2009). Sequence analysis of a few species of termites (order: Isoptera) on the basis of partial characterization of COII gene. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 331(1–2): 145-151
Sen-Sarma, P.K. (1965). A new termite genus and species from south India (Insecta: Isoptera: Termitidae). Proceedings zoological Society Calcutta 18: 143-148.
Sen-Sarma, P.K. (1966). Three new genera of Grallatotermes complex (Isoptera: Termitidae: Nasutitemitinae). Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 63(1): 167-184.
Sen-Sarma, P.K. & M.L. Thakur (1979). Termites of Tripura (Insecta: Isoptera). Indian Forest Records (New Series) Entomology 13(1): 1-67.
Thakur, R.K. (1989). Termite fauna (Insecta: Isoptera) of Gujarat, India. Indian Forest Records (New Series) Entomology 15(1): 1-76.
Thakur, R.K. (1990). Termites (Isoptera) from Karnataka (South India), with new records. Indian Journal of Forestry 13(1): 53-56.
Thakur, R.K. (1991). First record of Hypotermes xenotermitis Wasmann.(Isoptera: Termitidae: Macrotermitinae) from South India.Indian Journal of Forestry 14(4): 318-319.
Thakur, R.K. (1992). Termites from arid areas of Punjab and Haryana, India.Records zoological Survey of India 91(2): 127-137.
Thakur, R.K. (1994). On a collection of termites from arid areas of Punjab and Haryana.Records of the zoological Survey of India 91: 125-127.
Thakur, R.K. (2007). Termites (Insecta: Isoptera) from Haryana with new distributional records. Indian Forester 133(11): 1504-1512.
Thakur, R.K. (2007a). Termites from Delhi (Insecta: Isoptera), with new distributional records. Indian Journal of Forestry 30(4): 505-508.
Thakur, R.K. (2008). Angulitermes bhagsunagensis, a new species from India (Oriental region) (Isoptera: Termitidae: Termitinae). Indian Journal of Forestry 31(4): 581-584.
Thakur, R.K. (2009). Studies on the termite fauna of Northern India (Insecta: Isoptera). Final Technical Report.Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, India, 120pp.
Thakur, R.K. (2009a). Termite Research in Forestry in India: Past and Present. ENVIS, Forestry Bulletin 9(1): 19-32.
Thakur R.K. (2010). Studies on the termites of family Termitidae (Insecta: Isoptera), with special emphasis on their taxonomic status, identity and distribution. Final Technical Report, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, India, 266pp
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Thakur, R.K. & S. Kumar (2012).Termite diversity in North Western Himalayan region with new distributional records.Journal of Experimental Zoology15(2): 365-373.
ThakurR.K., S. Kumar& V. Tyagi(2009). Termite fauna of Kumaon, Uttarakhand, (Insecta: Isoptera). Indian Journal of Forestry32(4): 595-600.
Thakur, R.K., V.Tyagi &S. Kumar (2010). Termites from Garhwal Uttarakhand, (Insecta: Isoptera), with new distributional records. Indian Forester, 136(5): 621-634.
Thakur, R.K., V.Tyagi &S. Kumar (2010a).Glyptotermes roonwali, (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae). A new species from India.Entomon 35(2): 111-119.
Thakur, R.K., V.Tyagi &S. Kumar (2010b).Neotermes sen-sarmai, A new species from India (Oriental Region) (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae). Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology 31(1): 101-105.
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Termite Family |
Total Number of species |
Family I: TERMOPSIDAE Grasse Archotermopsis Desneux |
|
Archotermopsis wroughtoni (Desneux) |
1 |
Family II: HODOTERMITIDAE Desneux Sub-family: HODOTERMITINAE Desneux Anacanthotermes Jacobson |
|
Anacanthotermes macrocephalus (Desneux) Anacanthotermes viarum (Konig) |
2 |
Family III: KALOTERMITIDAE Froggatt Postelectrotermes Krishna |
3 |
Postelectrotermes bhimi Roonwal and Maiti Postelectrotermes militaris (Desneux) Postelectrotermes nayari Roonwal and Verma |
|
Neotermes Holmgren |
|
Neotermes assmuthi Holmgren |
|
Neotermes bosei Snyder |
|
Neotermes buxensis Roonwal and Sen-Sarma |
|
Neotermes dhirendrai Bose |
|
Neotermes eleanorae Bose |
|
Neotermes fletcheri Holmgren and Holmgren |
|
Neotermes kalimpomgensis Maiti |
|
Neotermes keralai Roonwal and Verma |
|
Neotermes krishnai Bose |
|
Neotermes mangiferae Roonwal and Sen-Sarma |
|
Neotermes megaoculatus Roonwal and Sen-Sarma a. Neotermes megaoculatus megaoculatus Roonwal and Sen-Sarma b. Neotermes megaoculatus lakhimpuri Roonwal and Sen-Sarma |
|
Neotermes microculatus Roonwal and Sen-Sarma |
|
Neotermes nilamburensis Thakur |
|
Neotermes paratensis Sen-Sarma and Thakur |
|
Neotermes sen-sarmai Thakur, Tyagi and Kumar |
|
Neotermes shimogensis Thakur |
|
Neotermes venkateshwara Bose |
18 |
Glyptotermes Froggatt |
|
Glyptotermes almorensis Gardner |
|
Glyptotermes coorgensis Holmgren and Holmgren |
|
Glyptotermes nicobarensis Maiti and Chakraborty |
|
Glyptotermes roonwali Thakur, Tyagi and Kumar |
|
Glyptotermes sensarmai Maiti |
|
Glyptotermes teknafensis Akhtar |
|
Glyptotermes tikaderi Chhotani and Bose |
|
Glyptotennes tripurensis Thakur |
|
Glyptotennes ukhiaensis Akhtar |
9 |
Calcaritennes Snyder |
|
Calcaritermes krishnai (Maiti and Chakraborty) |
1 |
Incisitennes Krishna |
|
Incisitermes didwanaensis Roonwal and Verma |
1 |
Bifiditermes Krishna |
|
Bifiditermes beesoni (Gardner) |
|
Bifiditermes pintoi (Kemner) |
2 |
Procryptotermes Holmgren |
|
Procryptotermes dhari Roonwal and Chhotani |
|
Procryptotermes hunsurensis Thakur |
|
Procryptotermes valeriae Bose |
3 |
Cryptotermes Banks |
|
Cryptotermes bengalensis Snyder |
|
Cryptotermes daulti Rathore |
|
Cryptotermes domesticus (Haviland) |
|
Cryptotermes dudleyi Banks |
|
Cryptotermes roonwali Chhotani |
4 |
FAMILY IV: RHINOTERMITIDAE Froggatt Subfamily: PSAMMOTERMITINAE Holmgren Psammotermes Desneux |
|
Psammotermes rajasthanicus Roonwal and Base |
1 |
Subfamily: COPTOTERMITINAE Holmgren Coptotermes Wasmann |
|
Coptotermes beckeri Mathur and Chhotani |
|
Coptotermes ceylonicus Holmgren |
|
Coptotermes gestroi Wasmann |
|
Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann) |
|
Coptotermes kishori Roonwal and Chhotani |
|
Coptotermes travians Haviland |
6 |
Subfamily: HETEROTERMITINA Froggatt Heterotermes Froggatt |
|
Heterotermes balwanti Mathur and Chhotani |
|
Heterotermes gertrudae Roonwal |
|
Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann) |
|
Heterotermes malabaricus Snyder |
4 |
Reticulitermes Holmgren |
|
Reticulitermes assamensis Gardner |
|
Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder |
|
Reticulitermes saraswati Roonwal and Chhotani |
|
Reticulitermes tirapi Chhotani and Das |
4 |
Subfamily: RHINOTERMITINAE Froggatt Prorhinotermes Silvestri |
|
Prorhinotermes flavus (Bugnion and Popoff) |
1 |
Parrhinotermes Holmgren |
|
Parrhinotermes khasii RoonwaI and Sen-Sarma |
1 |
Schedorhinotermes Silvestri |
|
Schedorhinotermes eleanorae Roonwal and Bose |
|
Schedorhinotermes longirostris (Brauer) |
|
Schedorhinotermes medioobscurus Holmgren |
|
Schedorhinotermes tiwarii Roonwal and Thakur |
|
Schedorhinotermes translucens (Haviland) |
5 |
Family V: STYLOTERMITIDAE Holmgren and Holmgren Stylotermes Holmgren and Holmgren |
|
Stylotermes beesoni Thakur |
|
Stylotermes bengalensis Mathur and Chhotani |
|
Stylotermes chakratensis Mathur and Thapa |
|
Stylotermes dunensis Thakur |
|
Stylotermes faveolus (Chatterjee and Thakur) |
|
Stylotermes fletcheri Holmgren and Holmgren |
|
Stylotermes parabengalensis Maiti |
7 |
Family VI: INDOTERMITIDAE Roonwal and Sen-Sarma Indotermes Roonwal and Sen-Sarma |
|
Indotermes rongrensis (Roonwal and Chhotani) |
1 |
Family VII: TERMITIDAE Westwood Subfamily: AMITERMITINAE Kemner Eurytermes Wasmann |
|
Eurytermes assmuthi assmuthi Wasmann |
|
Eurytermes assmuthi modestior Silvestri |
|
Eurytermes boveni Roonwal and Chhotani |
|
Eurytermes buddha Bose and Maiti |
|
Eurytermes mohana Rathore |
|
Eurytermes punjabensis Thakur |
|
Eurytermes topslipensis (Chatterjee and Thapa) |
7 |
Speculitermes Wasmann |
|
Speculitermes chadaensis Chatterjee and Thapa |
|
Speculitermes cyclops Wasmann |
|
Speculitermes deccanensis Roonwal and Chhotani |
|
Speculitermes dharwarensis Roonwal and Chhotani |
|
Speculitermes emersoni Bose |
|
Speculitermes goesswaldi Roonwal and Chhotani |
|
Speculitermes paivai Roonwal and Chhotani |
|
Speculitermes roonwali Maiti |
|
Speculitermes sinhalensis Roonwal and Sen-Sarma |
|
Speculitermes triangularis Roonwal and Sen-Sarma |
10 |
Euhamitermes Holmgren |
|
Euhamitermes aruna Chhotani |
|
Euhamitermes chhotanii Maiti |
|
Euhamitermes dentatus Thakur and Chatterjee |
|
Euhamitehmes indicus Holmgren and Holmgren |
|
Euhamitermes khanhaensis Roonwal and Chhotani |
|
Euhamitehmes karnatakensis Roonwal and Chhotani |
|
Euhamitermes lighti Snyder |
7 |
Synhamitermes Holmgren |
|
Synhamitermes labioangulatus Thakur |
|
Synhamitermes quadriceps Wasmann |
2 |
Amitermes Silvestri |
|
Amitermes belli (Desneux) |
1 |
Eremotermes Silvestri |
|
Eremotermes dehraduni Roonwal and Sen-Sarma |
|
Eremotermes fletcheri Holmgren and Holmgren |
|
Eremotermes madrasicus Roonwal and Sen-Sarma |
|
Eremotermes neoparadoxalis Ahmad |
|
Eremotermes paradoxalis Holmgren |
|
Eremotermes sanyuktae Thakur |
6 |
Microcerotermes Silvestri |
|
Microcerotermes annandalei Silvestri |
|
Microcerotermes s baluchistanicus Ahmad |
|
Microcerotermes beesoni Snyder |
|
Microcerotermes cameroni Snyder |
|
Microcerotermes crassus Snyder |
|
Microcerotermes danieli Roonwal and Bose |
|
Microcerotermes dumasensis Thakur |
|
Microcerotermes fletcheri Holmgren and Holmgren |
|
Microcerotermes ganeshi Bose |
|
Microcerotermes heimi Wasmann |
|
Microcerotermes kudermukhae Chhotani |
|
Microcerotermes labioangulatus Sen-Sarma and Thakur |
|
Microcerotermes laxmi Roonwal and Bose |
|
Microcerotermes minor Holmgren |
|
Microcerotermes nicobarernsis Roonwal and Bose |
|
Microcerotermes pakistanicus Akhtar |
|
Microcerotermes palestinensis Spaeth |
|
Microcerotermes raja Roonwal and Bose |
|
Microcerotermes rambanensis Chatterjee and Thakur |
|
Microcerotermes tenuignathus Holmgren |
20 |
Subfamily: TERMITINAE Sjostedt Angulitermes Sjostedt |
|
Angulitermes acutus Mathur and Sen-Sarma |
|
Angulitermes akhorisainensis Chatterjee and Thakur |
|
Angulitermes bhagsunagensis Thakur |
|
Anguliterrnes dehraensis (Gardner) |
|
Angulitermes fletcheri (Holmgren and Holmgren) |
|
Angulitermes jodhpurensis Roonwal and Verma |
|
Angulitermes kashmirensis Roonwal and Chhotani |
|
Angulitermes keralai Verma |
|
Angulitermes longifrons Maiti |
|
Angulitermes mishrai Sen-Sarma and Thakur |
|
Angulitermes obtusus(Holmgrenand Holrngren) |
|
Angulitermes ramanii Bose and Das |
|
Angulitermes rathorai Kumar and Thakur |
|
Angulitermes tilaki Roonwal and Chhotani |
14 |
Homallotermes John |
|
Homallotermes pilosus (Mathur and Thapa) |
1 |
Dicuspiditermes Krishna |
|
Dicuspiditermes achankovili Verma |
|
Dicuspiditermes boseae Chhotani |
|
Dicuspiditermes cornutella (Silvestri) |
|
Dicuspiditermes fontanellus Thakur and Chatterjee |
|
Dicuspiditermes gravelyi (Silvestri) |
|
Dicuspiditermes incola (Wasmann) |
|
Dicuspiditermes laetus (Silvestri) |
|
Dicuspiditermes obtusus (Silvestri) |
|
Dicuspiditermes sisiri Chhotani |
9 |
Pericapritermes Silvestri |
|
Pericapritermes assameneis (Mathur and Thapa) |
|
Pericapritermes chhichruliensis Thakur |
|
Pericapritermes dunensis (Roonwal and Sen-Sarma) |
|
Pericapritermes durga (Roonwal and Chhotani) |
|
Pericapritermes tetraphilus (Silvestri) |
|
Pericapritermes topslipensis Thakur |
|
Pericapritermes vermai Kumar and Thakur |
7 |
Indocapritermes Chhotani |
|
Indocapritermes aruni Chhotani |
1 |
Krishnacapritermes Chhotani |
|
Krishnacapritermes maitii Chhotani |
|
Krishnacapritermes thakuri Chhotani |
2 |
Labiocapritermes Krishna |
|
Labiocapritermes distortus (Silvestri) |
1 |
Malaysiocapritermes Ahmad and Akhtar |
|
Malaysiocapritermes dakshinae Chhotani and Ferry |
|
Malaysiocapritermes holmgreni (Akhtar) |
|
Malaysiocapritermes keralae Chhotani and Ferry |
3 |
Pseudocapritermes Kemner |
|
Pseudocapritermes fletcheri (Holmgren and Holmgren) |
|
Pseudocapritermes karticki Bose |
|
Pseudocapritermes tikadari Roonwal and Chhotani |
3 |
Subfamily: MACROTERMITINAE Kemner Macrotermes Holmgren |
|
Macrotermes aleemi Akhtar |
|
Macrotermes convulsionarius (Konig) |
|
Macrotermes hopini Roonwal and Sen-Sarma |
|
Macrotermes khajuriai Roonwal and Chhotani |
|
Macrotermes serrulatus Snyder |
|
Macrotermes vikaspurensis Thakur, Kumar and Tyagi |
6 |
Odontotermes Holmgren |
|
Odontotermes adampurensis Akhtar |
|
Odontotermes anamallensis Holmgren and Holmgren |
|
Odontotermes assmuthi Holmgren |
|
Odontotermes bellahunisensis Holmgren and Holmgren |
|
Odontotermes bhagwatii Chatterjee and Thakur |
|
Odontotermes boveni Thakur |
|
Odontotermes brunneus (Hagen) |
|
Odontotermes ceylonicus (Wasmann) |
|
Odontotermes distans Holmgren and Holmgren |
|
Odontotermes feae (Wasmann) |
|
Odontotermes feaeoides Holmgren and Holmgren |
|
Odontotermes ganpati Bose |
|
Odontotermes giriensis Roonwal and Chhotani |
|
Odontotermes girnarensisThakur |
|
Odontotermes globicola (Wasmann) |
|
Odontotermes guptai Roonwal and Bose |
|
Odontotermes gurdaspurensis Holmgren and Holmgren |
|
Odontotermes horai Roonwal and Chhotani |
|
Odontotermes horni (Wasrnann) |
|
Odontotermes indicus Thakur |
|
Odontotermes kapuri Roonwal and Chhotani |
|
Odontotermes kulkarnii Roonwal and Chhotani |
|
Odontotermes latigula (Snyder) |
|
Odontotermes latiguloides Roonwal and Verma |
|
Odontotermes microdentatus Roonwal and Sen-Sarma |
|
Odontotermes mirganjensis Holmgren and Holmgren |
|
Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) |
|
Odontotermes paralatigula Chatterjee and Sen-Sarma |
|
Odontotermes paralatiguloides Thakur |
|
Odontotermes parvidens Holmgren and Holmgren |
|
Odontotennes proformosanus Ahmad |
|
Odontotermes prolatigula Bose |
|
Odontotermes redemanni (Wasmann) |
|
Odontotermes sasangirensis Thakur |
|
Odontotermes singsiti Bose |
|
Odontotermes vaishno Bose |
|
Odontotermes wallonensis (Wasmann) |
|
Odontotermes yadevi Thakur |
38 |
Hypotermes Holmgren |
|
Hypotermes obscuriceps (Wasmann) |
|
Hypotermes xenotermitis (Wasmann) |
2 |
Euscaiotermes Silvestri |
|
Euscaiotermes primus Silvestri |
1 |
Microtermes Wasmann |
|
Microtermes bharatpurensis Rathore |
|
Microtermes imphalensis Roonwal and Chhotani |
|
Microtermes incertoides Holmgren |
|
Microtermes mycophagus Desneux |
|
Microtermes obesi Holmgren |
|
Microtermes unicolor Snyder |
6 |
Ancistrotermes Silvestri |
|
Ancistrotermes pakistanicus (Ahmad) |
1 |
Subfamily: NASUTITERMITINAE Hare Nasutitermes Dudley |
|
Nasutitermes anamalaiensis Snyder |
|
Nasutitermes brunneus Snyder |
|
Nasutitermes cherraensis Roonwal and Chhotani |
|
Nasutitermes chhotanii Bose |
|
Nasutitermes crassicornis (Holmgren and Holmgren) |
|
Nasutitermes dunensis Chatterjee and Thakur |
|
Nasutitermes emersoni Snyder |
|
Nasutitermes fabricii Krishna |
|
Nasutitermes fletcheri (Holmgren and Holmgren) |
|
Nasutitermes gardneri Snyder |
|
Nasutitermes garoensis Roonwal and Chhotani |
|
Nasutitermes indicola(Holmgren and Holmgren) |
|
Nasutitermes jalpaigurensis Prashad and Sen-Sarma |
|
Nasutitermes kali Roonwal and Chhotani |
|
Nasutitermes krishna Bose |
|
Nasutitermes matangensiformis (Holmgren) |
|
Nasutitermes moratus (Silvestri) |
|
Nasutitermes saharanpurensis Thakur |
|
Nasutitermes suknensis Prashad and Sen-Sarma |
|
Nasutitermes tandoni Bose |
|
Nasutitermes thanensis Prashad and Sen-Sarma |
|
Nasutitermes triloki Bose |
|
Nasutitermes vishnu Bose |
23 |
Bulbitermes Emerson |
|
Bulbitermes parapusillus Ahmad |
1 |
Ahmaditermes Akhtar |
|
Ahmaditermes emersoni (Maiti) |
1 |
Ceylonitermes Holmgren |
|
Ceylonitermes indicola Thakur |
1 |
Ampoulitermes Mathur and Thapa |
|
Ampoulitermes wynaadensis Mathur and Thapa |
1 |
Hospitalitermes Holmgren |
|
Hospitalitermes blairi Roonwal and Sen-Sarma |
|
Hospitalitermes jepsoni Snyder |
|
Hospitalitermes madrasi Snyder |
3 |
Trinervitermes Holmgren |
|
Trinervitermes biformis (Wasmann) |
|
Trinervitermes fletcheri Chatterjee and Thakur |
|
Trinervitermes indicus Snyder |
|
Trineruitermes nigrirostris Mathur and Sen-Sarma |
|
Trineruitermes sensarmai Bose |
5 |
Roonwalitermes Bose |
|
Roonwalitermes wadhwai Bose |
1 |
Grallatotermes Holmgren |
|
Grallatotermes grallatoriformis Holmgren and Holmgren |
|
Grallatotermes niger Chatterjee and Thapa |
2 |
Emersonitermes Mathur and Sen-Sarma |
|
Emersonitermes thekadensis Mathur and Sen-Sarma |
1 |
Total termite species |
261 |
Summary:
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