icon

A Contribution of ICAR National Fellow Project

ITMM in IYoM 2023: Integrated Termite Management in MilletsDoubling Farmer Income: Imperatives of Plant Health Informatics Network

OILSEEDS


Soybean

 

Glycine max (L.) is the number one oilseed crop in terms of area and production since 2005. Soybeans occupied 42% of India’s total oilseeds and 25% of edible oil production. In India, soybean is mainly grown in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Nagaland and Gujarat as a rain fed crop during the rainy (Kharif) season. Over the years, cultivation of the crop has been instrumental in improving the socioeconomic conditions of large numbers of small and marginal farmers in the rain fed agro-ecosystems of central and peninsular India. Initially, the soybean was free of diseases and insects in India. However, its continuous cultivation with simultaneous increase in area has led to increase in disease, insect and weed incidence. Termites are of some importance in localized pockets like Delhi, the crop being attacked in seedling stage.

Management

Soil treatment, sanitation, termite mound elimination, and other general termite management aspects are same as discussed in other crops

Seed Treatment Recommendation:

Imidacloprid@ 4-6 ml/kg seeds; or

Fipronil @ 3-5 ml/kg seeds; or

Chlorpyriphos @ 4 ml/kg seeds.

 

Groundnut

Arachis hypogaea L., also known as peanut, is a legume that ranks 6th among the oilseed crops and 13th among the food crops of the world. Groundnut is the most important oilseed crop in India, covering nearly half of the area under oilseed. Groundnut plays a significant role in the livelihoods of stallholder farmers of rain fed area. In India, groundnut is cultivated during Kharif, rabi and summer season under various cropping systems. The national average coupled with attack by a variety of insect pests and diseases are the major reason for level productivity. As the crop and its pests are the major reason sensitive to extreme weather event, the crop productivity is determined by the interplay of weather and pests in a given season.

Major Insect Pests: National Significance

Aphid, Bruchids, Jassid, Leaf miner, Termite (Odontotermes spp.), Thrips, Tobacco caterpillar, White grubs

Major Insect Pests: Regional Significance

Termites are serious in Rajasthan.

Microtermes and Odontotermes species cause damage to groundnuts in semi-arid tropical countries of Africa and India, resulting in yield losses of between 10 and 30 per cent. Management measures include the use of resistant groundnut varieties, cultural practices, botanical insecticides and minimal application of synthetic insecticides either to the soil or as a seed dressing. These treatments form a barrier, which repels or kills foraging termites.

Damage

They enter the root system and burrow inside the root and stem; this usually kills the plant. They remove the soft corky tissue from between the veins of the pods (scarified). They do not usually damage the seed. But scarified pods are more susceptible to infestation by Aspergillus fungus, which produces health hazard aflatoxins. They bore holes in the pods and damage the seed.

Management

Seed treatment with chlorpyriphos 20EC @ 12.5 ml/kg during sowing is effective against termite. Soil Application of chlorpyriphos 10G @ 1kg a.i./ha at planting time can reduce termite incidence. Varietal screening at Bhubaneswar revealed that 4 varieties were less susceptible viz. JL 24, J11, TMV2 & CO1 to termite attack.

 

 

 


Last Updated: 12-03-2023

Total Visit: 01328667

Visitors' statistics